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Chapter 25


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The first state to enact social welfare legislation was
a
England.
b
Germany.
c
France.
d
the United States.
e
Austria-Hungary.
 

 2. 
Which statement below best characterizes Napoleon III's economic policies?
a
They were mercantilist.
b
They were laissez-faire.
c
They aimed at nationalization of major industries.
d
They favored the interests of landed aristocrats.
e
They used government action to stimulate railroad building and investment.
 

 3. 
The first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia was the
a
abolition of serfdom.
b
creation of the zemstvos, the local, elected governmental councils.
c
granting of a constitution.
d
nationalization of church property.
e
modernization of the legal system.
 

 4. 
The Russian Revolution of 1905 resulted from all of the following causes except
a
business and professional classes' desire for political modernization.
b
the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
c
a radicalized and unhappy working class.
d
growing nationalism among subject peoples of the empire.
e
the assassination of Alexander III.
 

 5. 
Which of the following events occurred first?
a
“Bloody Sunday” rocked Russia.
b
Bismarck launched his Kulturkampf.
c
The U.S. Civil War began.
d
Napoleon III claimed the throne in France.
e
The first social security laws were passed in Germany.
 

 6. 
The Russian zemstvo was the
a
peasant commune that owned the land distributed by the Great Reforms.
b
new Russian parliament established after the Revolution of 1905.
c
institution for local government established by the Great Reforms.
d
name of the currency issued when Russia adopted the gold standard.
e
state-run investment bank set up to promote railroad construction.
 

 7. 
In the decades before 1848, ____________ pushed for a centralized democratic Italian republic.
a
Mazzini
b
Garibaldi
c
Cavour
d
Bismarck
e
Victor Emmanuel
 

 8. 
Karl Lueger, the popular mayor of Vienna, espoused
a
Hungarian nationalism.
b
evolutionary socialism.
c
revolutionary Marxism.
d
parliamentary democracy.
e
anti-Semitism.
 

 9. 
Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to
a
his drive to make German workers more “cultured.”
b
his attack on the Catholic church in the German Empire.
c
his attempt to stamp out anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian War.
d
his 1864 war against Denmark.
e
his promotion of the German Empire's new National Theater.
 

 10. 
Which of the following events prompted liberals in the Prussian parliament to reconcile with Bismarck?
a
The 1864 war against Denmark.
b
The 1866 defeat of Austria and formation of the North German Confederation.
c
The 1870 defeat of France and formation of the German Empire.
d
The Kulturkampf of 1870–1878.
e
The passage of social security laws in 1883–1884.
 

 11. 
In which episode in the unification of Italy did Guiseppe Garibaldi play a key role?
a
Austria's defeat of Mazzini's republicanism in 1848.
b
The defeat of Austria at Solferino in 1859.
c
The peace negotiations at Villafranca in 1859.
d
The conquest and annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
e
The annexation of Rome in 1870.
 

 12. 
Louis Napoleon's election as president of the Second Republic and then hereditary emperor was a product of all of the following except his
a
famous name.
b
protection of property.
c
antiCatholic beliefs.
d
positive program.
e
image as a strong leader who would override special interests.
 

 13. 
The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs, was
a
defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856.
b
the Revolution of 1905.
c
the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
d
the assassination of Alexander II in 1881.
e
The Lena Goldfields Massacre of 1912.
 

 14. 
The success of Napoleon III's system was based on all of the following except
a
his recruitment of local notables to stand as government candidates in elections.
b
economic intervention.
c
close attention to electoral politics.
d
sensitivity to public opinion.
e
a successful foreign policy.
 

 15. 
Garibaldi was the leader of the
a
Black Shirts.
b
Red Shirts.
c
White Shirts.
d
Green Shirts.
e
Black Shorts.
 

 16. 
Sardinia-Piedmont became the leader of the Italian unification as a result of all of the following factors except
a
the failure of Mazzini's style of democratic nationalism in 1848.
b
Pope Pius IX's rejection of Italian unification.
c
Austrian support.
d
Victor Emmanuel's granting of a liberal constitution.
e
the able leadership of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour.
 

 17. 
In order to force Austria to give up its territory in Italy, Cavour secured an alliance with
a
the pope.
b
Prussia.
c
the Hungarians.
d
France.
e
Russia.
 

 18. 
All of the following were part of Prussia before 1866 except
a
Schleswig-Holstein.
b
Westphalia.
c
Pomerania.
d
Brandenburg.
e
Silesia.
 

 19. 
The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
a
Zemstvo.
b
Zollverein.
c
Reichstag.
d
North German Confederation.
e
Sadowa.
 

 20. 
The cash crop that revitalized the slave economy of the southern United States in the nineteenth century was
a
tobacco.
b
sugar cane.
c
cotton.
d
rice.
e
potatoes.
 

 21. 
Bismarck's constitution for the North German Confederation featured all of the following except
a
a lower house elected by universal, male suffrage.
b
local control of local affairs.
c
Prussian control of the federal government, army, and foreign affairs.
d
an elected president.
e
an upper house of delegates appointed by different German states.
 

 22. 
Theodore Herzl was
a
the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna.
b
speaker of the Reichstag during much of Bismarck's tenure.
c
the creator of modern psychoanalysis.
d
the founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement.
e
a German socialist and author of Evolutionary Socialism.
 

 23. 
After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
a
imposed a harsh peace on France.
b
imposed a generous peace on France.
c
asked for international participation in the formation of the peace treaty.
d
acknowledged its own role in starting the war.
e
made the status quo before the war the basis of the peace treaty.
 

 24. 
All of the following are consequences of the FrancoPrussian War except
a
the completion of German unification.
b
the collapse of the French Second Empire.
c
an upsurge of German nationalistic pride.
d
a wave of social reform in Germany.
e
French patriots in Paris declared another republic.
 

 25. 
The Great Reforms in Russia included all of the following except
a
a national parliament.
b
the abolition of serfdom.
c
establishment of a new institution of local government.
d
reform of the legal system.
e
relaxation of censorship.
 

 26. 
The greatest impediment to nation building in the United States was
a
its weak “colonial” economy.
b
regional differences exacerbated by slavery.
c
the lack of common ancestry among its citizens.
d
the intellectual legacy of the American Revolution.
e
religious conflict.
 

 27. 
The Mexican War of 1848
a
reduced tensions between the North and South by generating an atmosphere of renewed patriotic unity.
b
exacerbated tensions between the North and South as debate erupted over the extension of slavery into territory acquired from Mexico.
c
provided a crucial stimulus to the development of cotton culture in the Southwest.
d
led to a “national” policy toward African Americans.
e
left the South devastated and weakened.
 

 28. 
The consequences of the U.S. Civil War included all of the following except
a
the emergence of powerful business corporations.
b
reinforcement of the concept of free labor.
c
equality for its black citizens.
d
the confirmation of the concept of “manifest destiny.”
e
economic prosperity for the North.
 

 29. 
Sergei Witte was
a
the Minister of Finance who led Russian industrialization in the 1890s.
b
the assassin of Alexander II.
c
the founder of Russian Marxism.
d
the architect of Russia's Great Reforms in the 1860s and early 1870s.
e
Nicholas II's chief minister who passed laws encouraging individual ownership of land.
 

 30. 
Witte's approach to industrialization was inspired by
a
the German socialist Karl Marx.
b
the classical economist David Ricardo.
c
the French emperor Napoleon III.
d
the English industrialist Robert Owen.
e
the German economist Friedrich List.
 

 31. 
In 1881, __________ was assassinated by a small group of terrorists.
a
Alexander III
b
Alexander II
c
Nicholas II
d
Nicholas I
e
Alexander I
 

 32. 
Bismarck's social reforms were motivated primarily by
a
the Long Depression.
b
his goal of stimulating the economy.
c
humanitarian concern for the suffering of the urban poor.
d
the failure of his Kulturkampf against German Catholics.
e
his fear and distrust of socialism.
 

 33. 
According to the text, German Social Democrats recovered their losses of the 1907 election and became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912 in part because
a
they endorsed Marx's call for a violent revolution.
b
they accepted trade unions' call for evolutionary rather than revolutionary socialism.
c
they took on a more patriotic tone and broadened their base.
d
they began courting Catholics in south Germany.
e
they merged with the German Liberal Party.
 

 34. 
The Dreyfus Affair
a
revived the prestige of the French army.
b
drove a wedge between Catholics and anti-Semites.
c
revived republican distrust of Catholicism.
d
fanned the flames of French imperialism.
e
created a witch-hunt for German spies in the French army and intelligence services.
 

 35. 
Between 1906 and 1914, the Liberal party in Britain was able to accomplish all of the following except
a
eliminate the House of Lords as a real power in British politics.
b
substantially increase taxes on the rich.
c
pass a national health-insurance program.
d
resolve the violent problems of Ireland.
e
pass a program of old-age pensions.
 

 36. 
According to the text, which of the following major powers was unable to harness the strength of modern nationalism?
a
Great Britain.
b
France.
c
Germany.
d
Italy.
e
Austria-Hungary.
 

 37. 
In 1912, the ____________ party was the largest party in the Reichstag.
a
German Social Democratic
b
German Christian
c
Blood and Iron
d
National Socialist
e
Liberal
 

 38. 
In 1846, Marx played a key role in establishing the
a
Russian Communist party.
b
the First International of socialists.
c
German Communist party.
d
British Communist party.
e
the Second International of socialists.
 

 39. 
The Second International declared ___________ an annual international one-day strike.
a
December 10
b
June 1
c
May 1
d
January 1
e
March 15
 

 40. 
In his Evolutionary Socialism, ____________ suggested that socialists should reform their doctrines and tactics.
a
Wilfred Smith
b
Robert Owen
c
Karl Marx
d
Jean Jaurès
e
Edward Bernstein
 



 
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