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Chapter 16-17 Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
A state may be termed __________ when it possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries.
a.
sovereign
b.
absolute
c.
a monarchy
d.
a nation
e.
a constitutional nation
 

 2. 
Among the weaknesses of the French financial system under Louis XIV were all of the following except
a.
the sale of the job of tax collector to “tax farmers.”
b.
high military expenditures.
c.
noble immunity from taxation.
d.
many middle-class tax exemptions.
e.
lack of direction in state financial and economic policy under the incompetent Colbert.
 

 3. 
Which of the following was not one of the outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht?
a.
It gave the Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands.
b.
It completed the decline of Spain as a great power.
c.
It vastly expanded the British Empire.
d.
It ended French expansionist policy.
e.
It gave European powers experience in international cooperation, particularly in the balance-of-power principle.
 

 4. 
The Fronde refers to
a.
the guerrilla warfare that finally won Lorraine for Louis XIV.
b.
Louis XIV's secret office for opening private letters in the Paris post office.
c.
the region of southern France where high-quality linen was produced for export.
d.
the huge garden Louis XIV had constructed at Versailles.
e.
a rebellion by aristocrats and others early in the reign of Louis XIV.
 

 5. 
Medieval kings claimed to rule
a.
by the grace of the church.
b.
at the pleasure of the people.
c.
by divine right.
d.
through personal merit.
e.
by force and force alone.
 

 6. 
__________, Henry IV's chief minister, was a devout Protestant.
a.
Locke
b.
Colbert
c.
Richelieu
d.
Sully
e.
Marat
 

 7. 
French intendants were almost always recruited from the
a.
nobles of the sword.
b.
new, judicial nobility.
c.
commercial elite.
d.
university professors.
e.
senior clergy.
 

 8. 
Richelieu's constructive genius is best reflected in his
a.
military victories.
b.
attacks on French Protestants.
c.
support of regional nobility.
d.
unwillingness to use war as an instrument of state power.
e.
administrative innovations.
 

 9. 
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
a.
reform of the church.
b.
a belief in decentralization.
c.
the subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy.
d.
the sovereignty of the people.
e.
hostility to the Huguenots.
 

 10. 
Louis XIII's decision to destroy Huguenot independence was based on
a.
the Huguenots' close relationship with England.
b.
Huguenot attempts to resume the religious wars of the previous century.
c.
the king's desire to confiscate Huguenot property.
d.
the Huguenots' refusal to allow Catholics freedom of worship in Huguenot cities.
e.
his desire to settle Canada more rapidly.
 

 11. 
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that
a.
kings ruled by divine right.
b.
Parliament ruled by divine right.
c.
only in England was a limited, constitutional monarchy possible.
d.
mankind is inherently good and requires no formal government.
e.
the power of the ruler was absolute but derived from an implicit contract with the governed.
 

 12. 
The decline of the Dutch economy was caused by
a.
an inflationary spiral created by Spanish gold.
b.
the wars of the seventeenth century.
c.
labor unrest and rebellion.
d.
the collapse of the wool industry.
e.
deflation of the price of tulip bulbs.
 

 13. 
The center of the struggle between the French crown and the Huguenots in 1627 was
a.
Paris.
b.
La Rochelle.
c.
Nantes.
d.
Languedoc.
e.
Amiens.
 

 14. 
Colbert's contributions to the economy of France included all of the following except
a.
creating a national bank.
b.
establishing new industries and colonial ventures.
c.
improving the transportation and communication systems within France.
d.
creating a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods.
e.
setting up tariffs to protect French industry.
 

 15. 
In 1685 _____________ was the strongest and most highly centralized state in Europe.
a.
Spain
b.
England
c.
France
d.
the Netherlands
e.
Austria
 

 16. 
The primary instrument of Dutch overseas imperialism was the
a.
Royal Navy.
b.
Dutch East India Company.
c.
Bank of Amsterdam.
d.
Company for Trade and Exploitation of the East.
e.
States General.
 

 17. 
Which country had the highest living standards in Europe in the mid-seventeenth century?
a.
England.
b.
France.
c.
Sweden.
d.
Spain.
e.
the Netherlands.
 

 18. 
A significant feature of English society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was
a.
growing wealth of the country gentry and middleclass businessmen.
b.
resurgence of Roman Catholicism.
c.
declining popularity of “reformed” religions.
d.
economic decline of the business classes.
e.
increasing importance of monasticism.
 

 19. 
Between 1635 and 1659 the French army increased by approximately how many times?
a.
Two.
b.
Five.
c.
Ten.
d.
Twenty.
e.
One hundred.
 

 20. 
The paulette, introduced by Henry IV, was
a.
an annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in their offices.
b.
a tax paid on salt.
c.
a guarantee of religious freedom for Huguenots.
d.
a property tax paid by all landowners in France.
e.
a head tax on the peasantry.
 

 21. 
John Locke was the great spokesman
a.
who justified the execution of Charles I on charges of treason.
b.
of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate.
c.
who defended James I's absolutist claims.
d.
of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
e.
for the Test Act.
 

 22. 
The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi, and the resulting Treaty of
a.
Utrecht.
b.
the White Mountain.
c.
the Pyrenees.
d.
Olivares.
e.
Westphalia.
 

 23. 
___________'s plays include Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.
a.
Racine
b.
Molière
c.
Sully
d.
Charpentier
e.
Couperin
 

 24. 
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a
a.
popular democracy.
b.
cabinet-style parliamentary government.
c.
constitutional monarchy.
d.
Puritan, military dictatorship.
e.
proletarian dictatorship.
 

 25. 
According to the text, the reason that labor shortages led to freedom for peasants in western Europe and bondage for peasants in eastern Europe was
a.
the labor shortage was worse in western Europe.
b.
the monarchs in eastern Europe were weaker before the seventeenth century and could not restrain the nobles from oppressing the peasants.
c.
eastern Orthodoxy provided strong theological support for serfdom.
d.
eastern European lords needed to export grain to western Europe.
e.
the Germanic heritage of western Europe.
 

 26. 
In response to the problems of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landlords of eastern Europe
a.
offered better economic terms to their peasants.
b.
used political power to gain control of the peasants.
c.
renounced their traditional control of local justice.
d.
imported labor from western Europe.
e.
imported Turkic slaves.
 

 27. 
The first tactic employed by the landlords to cope with labor shortages was to
a.
destroy town liberties.
b.
employ women and children.
c.
encourage the emergence of small-scale farming.
d.
restrict peasant freedom of movement.
e.
offer peasants lower rents.
 

 28. 
In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs
a.
were forced to relinquish Bohemia.
b.
reestablished the parliaments of Bohemia and Styria.
c.
pursued a peaceful relationship with the Ottoman Empire.
d.
conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania.
e.
fortified Prague.
 

 29. 
What was the impact of the Thirty Years' War on Brandenburg-Prussia?
a.
These areas were alternately ravaged by Swedish and Habsburg armies.
b.
There was very little impact.
c.
Merchants from Brandenburg-Prussia grew wealthy manufacturing and exporting arms.
d.
Prussian military victories during the war enabled the Elector of Brandenburg to crush the noble assembly.
e.
Sweden absorbed Brandenburg-Prussia.
 

 30. 
All of the following contributed to the Great Elector Frederick William's political victory over the Brandenburg Estates except
a.
a huge raid on Prussia by the Crimean Tatars.
b.
the failure of the nobles to make common cause with the towns against the Elector.
c.
subsidies of the Great Elector by France.
d.
the realization of the need for a strong military following the devastation of the Thirty Years' War.
e.
Frederick William's readiness to use force against the towns.
 

 31. 
All of the following were factors in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism except
a.
the strength of the Protestant faith in Hungary.
b.
an alliance with the Turks.
c.
the commercial and industrial strength of Hungary.
d.
early adherence to a national ideal.
e.
the determination of the Hungarian nobility to maintain their independence.
 

 32. 
The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following except
a.
curtailing the power of the nobility.
b.
establishment of a standing army.
c.
introduction of permanent taxation without consent.
d.
reduction of the power and independence of towns and cities.
e.
the abolition of serfdom.
 

 33. 
The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire filled the top ranks of his bureaucracy with
a.
close family members.
b.
Persians, including many Zoroastrians.
c.
slaves, many of them taken from the Christian Balkans as boys and converted to Islam.
d.
top-ranking Ottoman generals.
e.
Muslim clerics.
 

 34. 
After the death of ____________ in 1566, Ottoman monarchial absolutism gave way to palace intrigue.
a.
Suhas the Great
b.
Saladin the Wise
c.
Shajaran the Unready
d.
Suleiman the Magnificent
e.
Attaturk II
 

 35. 
The policies and actions of Frederick William I were based on his belief that the welfare of the king and state depended on the
a.
army.
b.
agrarian economy.
c.
bureaucracy.
d.
nobility.
e.
peasants.
 

 36. 
The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was
a.
the establishment of a first-rate bureaucracy.
b.
the abolition of the Brandenburg Estates.
c.
his decision to transform the peasants into serfs.
d.
the acquisition of the royal title.
e.
molding the most militaristic country of modern times.
 

 37. 
During the reigns of Ivan III and Ivan IV, Muscovite society
a.
was dominated by the landed nobility, the boyars.
b.
was strongly influenced by the West.
c.
featured relative equality between men and women.
d.
converted to Orthodox Christianity.
e.
saw the rise of the service nobility.
 

 38. 
The ___________ state was composed of three separate and distinct territories.
a.
Habsburg
b.
Russian
c.
Prussian
d.
Ottoman
e.
Polish
 



 
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