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Final  Semester 1 2011

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The major reason for the disappearance of the bubonic plague from western and central Europe after the early 1700s was probably
a.
the discovery of an effective vaccine against the disease.
b.
the breakdown in trade between Europe and India, where the plague was endemic.
c.
the brown rat's displacement of the black rat from ecological niches in Europe.
d.
rat extermination campaigns by urban governments.
e.
widespread quarantining of plague victims.
 

 2. 
The term spinster referred to
a.
a widowed or unmarried woman who spun cloth for a living.
b.
the puttingout merchant.
c.
the wife of a weaver.
d.
a female member of a textile guild.
e.
a female textile factory operative.
 

 3. 
Plantations in the Virginia lowlands, by 1730, were worked entirely by
a.
indentured servants.
b.
Native Americans.
c.
African slaves.
d.
tenant farmers.
e.
hired white labor.
 

 4. 
The Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare that initially targeted the
a.
Dutch.
b.
French.
c.
Spanish.
d.
American colonists.
e.
Swedes.
 

 5. 
Early public health measures that may have helped reduce death rates in eighteenth century Europe included all of the following except
a.
drainage of swamps.
b.
inoculation against smallpox in England.
c.
discovery of an effective vaccine against the bubonic plague.
d.
improved urban sewage systems.
e.
cleaner water supplies.
 

 6. 
____________ were the offspring of Spanish men and Indian women.
a.
Creoles
b.
Peons
c.
Medios
d.
Callas
e.
Mestizos
 

 7. 
___________'s Wealth of Nations argued for the value of free markets.
a.
Jethro Tull
b.
Lord Townsend
c.
Adam Smith
d.
Olaudah Equiano
e.
David Ricardo
 

 8. 
From 1600 on, the typical system of labor control in Spanish America was
a.
race-based slavery.
b.
sharecropping.
c.
forced labor.
d.
indentured servitude.
e.
debt peonage.
 

 9. 
Prior to 1750, premarital sex
a.
was nonexistent.
b.
occurred only among the upper classes.
c.
was commonplace.
d.
resulted in a high percentage of illegitimate children.
e.
was punishable by a prison term.
 

 10. 
Violations of social norms of traditional lower-class communities were punished by
a.
banishment.
b.
exile.
c.
public corporal punishment.
d.
fines and imprisonment.
e.
public humiliation.
 

 11. 
Which of the following played a role in the care of the sick in the eighteenth century?
a.
Faith healers
b.
Apothecaries
c.
Midwives
d.
Surgeons
e.
All of the above
 

 12. 
Underlying the “illegitimacy explosion” of 1750–1850 the authors see
a.
the growth of cottage industry and peasant migration to the cities.
b.
the decline of traditional moral standards due to the Enlightenment.
c.
decreasing availability of birth control in the countryside.
d.
Protestantism's stress on women's equality.
e.
the sexual exploitation of poor girls by wealthy men.
 

 13. 
John Wesley founded the movement known as ___________.
a.
Pietism.
b.
Methodism.
c.
Reformism.
d.
Deism.
e.
Anglicanism.
 

 14. 
The term lunatic refers to
a.
someone who drank too much.
b.
traditional village punishments for those who violated local customs.
c.
the popular belief that mental illness was caused by moonlight.
d.
German Protestants who joined the Pietist movement.
e.
the brown rat, bearer of the bubonic plague.
 

 15. 
The greatest achievement of eighteenthcentury medical science was the
a.
control of venereal disease.
b.
elimination of the bubonic plague.
c.
rise of the animistic school of medicine.
d.
conquest of smallpox.
e.
invention of anesthesia for surgery.
 

 16. 
Edward Jenner received financial prizes from the British government for
a.
discovering the first effective method of inoculation against smallpox.
b.
discovering that cowpox could be used to vaccinate against smallpox.
c.
introducing inoculation against smallpox to western Asia.
d.
propounding the microbial theory of disease.
e.
inventing improved sewage systems.
 

 17. 
The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 is a striking indication of the
a.
decline of religious feeling in the eighteenth century.
b.
resurgent power of the papacy.
c.
power of the state over the church.
d.
vitality of the Protestant revival.
e.
obscurantism of the Bourbon monarchs.
 

 18. 
All of the following were aspects of the celebration of Carnival except
a.
drinking and dancing.
b.
the chance to release pent-up frustrations and aggressions.
c.
begging forgiveness for one's sins.
d.
masquerading.
e.
inversion of the social hierarchy.
 

 19. 
All of the following were aspects of the Protestant revival in Germany except
a.
rationalism.
b.
religious enthusiasm.
c.
stress on the priesthood of all believers.
d.
the practical power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs.
e.
Bible reading and study.
 

 20. 
The group that met in 1787 to discuss tax reform was the
a.
Estates General.
b.
Assembly of Notables.
c.
National Assembly.
d.
National Convention.
e.
Parlement of Paris
 

 21. 
Napoleon seized power in
a.
1799.
b.
1802.
c.
1789.
d.
1812.
e.
1793.
 

 22. 
The Stamp Act of 1765
a.
required residents of the British colonies in North America to pay a tax on a long list of legal documents, publications, dice, playing cards, and so on.
b.
required residents of the British colonies to pay for a special “colonial” stamp in their passports.
c.
established the first nationwide postal service in Great Britain.
d.
placed high taxes on tea imported to the Americas.
e.
allowed the king to rule the colonies by decree, bypassing Parliament.
 

 23. 
Which of the following occurred last?
a.
Napoleon founds the Bank of France.
b.
Napoleon invades Russia.
c.
Napoleon crowns himself emperor.
d.
France signs the Treaty of Amiens with Britain.
e.
Britain defeats France at the Battle of Trafalgar.
 

 24. 
The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789–1791 passed laws that
a.
eliminated women's right to hold property.
b.
made divorce more difficult.
c.
banned Catholic priests from marrying couples.
d.
broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.
e.
made men and women equal.
 

 25. 
The Treaty of ___________ (1802) left France in control of Holland and the Austrian Netherlands.
a.
Amiens
b.
Munich
c.
Amsterdam
d.
Antwerp
e.
Brussels
 

 26. 
___________, Russia, and Sweden joined with Britain to form the Third Coalition against France.
a.
Spain
b.
Portugal
c.
Prussia
d.
Italy
e.
Austria
 

 27. 
Eighteenthcentury liberalism called for all of the following except
a.
individual human rights.
b.
economic equality.
c.
the people's sovereignty.
d.
equality of opportunity.
e.
religious tolerance.
 

 28. 
Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of ___________ in 1805.
a.
Bordeno
b.
Westphalia
c.
Berlin
d.
Austerlitz
e.
Jena
 

 29. 
During the early years of the French Revolution
a.
peasant women were among the most radical revolutionaries.
b.
common Parisian women played key roles in a number of Revolution events.
c.
some French women were elected to posts in the Estates General, the National Assembly, and the Legislative Assembly.
d.
women all over France were politically passive.
e.
Marie Antoinette, wife of King Louis XVI, came out in support of the revolutionaries.
 

 30. 
The distinctiveness of North American society included all of the following except
a.
great political equality compared to European societies.
b.
probably the highest living standards in the world.
c.
personal freedom in questions of religion.
d.
a tradition of self-government.
e.
a high degree of social and economic equality.
 

 31. 
Opponents of the U.S. Constitution were called
a.
Loyalists.
b.
Federalists.
c.
AntiFederalists.
d.
Liberals.
e.
Republicans.
 

 32. 
The grievance petitions from all three estates called for all of the following except
a.
an American-style republic.
b.
a constitutional monarchy.
c.
the guarantee by law of individual liberties.
d.
economic reforms.
e.
improvement in the living conditions of provincial clergy.
 

 33. 
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guaranteed all of the following except
a.
equality before the law.
b.
economic equality.
c.
representative government.
d.
individual freedom.
e.
the presumption of innocence in criminal investigations.
 

 34. 
According to the text, in the summer of 1789 the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by
a.
Maximilien Robespierre's brilliant rhetoric.
b.
fear of attack by Austria and Prussia.
c.
King Louis XVI's attempted flight from France.
d.
revolutionary actions by French peasants and the common people of Paris.
e.
the completion of the American constitution.
 

 35. 
According to Olympe de Gouges,
a.
women should enjoy special rights and privileges.
b.
men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law.
c.
monarchy was the most oppressive form of government.
d.
it was natural to exclude women from the political process.
e.
the government ought to sponsor free public day care.
 

 36. 
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that
a.
population pressure would always force wages down to subsistence levels.
b.
using young children in factories was immoral.
c.
population always grew faster than the food supply.
d.
the standard of living was a reflection of industrial capacity.
e.
Methodism was a key factor in keeping the working class from revolting.
 

 37. 
Richard Arkwright is best known for his invention of
a.
the flying shuttle.
b.
the first modern railroad engine.
c.
an improved steam engine.
d.
the water frame.
e.
the spinning jenny.
 

 38. 
The trains of the 1830s traveled at about ________ miles per hour.
a.
sixteen
b.
twenty-two
c.
thirty-five
d.
fifty
e.
sixty
 

 39. 
The first modern factories arose in the
a.
furnituremaking industry.
b.
steel industry.
c.
textile industry.
d.
railroad industry.
e.
chemical industry.
 

 40. 
James Watt solved the inefficiency problems of early steam engines by
a.
increasing the size of the engines.
b.
adding a separate condenser.
c.
using a better grade of coal for fuel.
d.
using accurate, precision parts.
e.
uniting the combustion chamber with the piston cylinder.
 

 41. 
By reducing the cost of overland freight, the railroad
a.
created national markets.
b.
reduced the volume of world trade.
c.
strengthened regional economies.
d.
strengthened rural cottage industry.
e.
drove the British merchant marine out of business.
 

 42. 
David Ricardo formulated the
a.
wage-price index.
b.
population-poverty index.
c.
theory of positive checks.
d.
principle of population.
e.
iron law of wages.
 

 43. 
______________ managed to raise per capita industrial levels in the nineteenth century.
a.
Only Britain
b.
Only Britain, France, and Germany
c.
Only Britain, Germany, and Belgium
d.
Only Britain and Germany
e.
All European states
 

 44. 
In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that
a.
the social problems in Britain were not a product of the Industrial Revolution.
b.
the British middle classes were guilty of “mass murder” and “wholesale robbery.”
c.
in general, the living conditions of the working class were slowly improving.
d.
the class consciousness of the working class would lead to social revolution.
e.
the working class was itself responsible for most of the problems its members faced.
 

 45. 
Scholarly debate about the origins of the sexual division of labor during the Industrial Revolution revolves around
a.
arguments ascribing the division to ingrained patriarchal traditions versus those ascribing it to economic and biological factors.
b.
arguments ascribing the division to traditional religious mores versus those ascribing it to owners' desire to hire adult males.
c.
arguments ascribing the division to the Factory Act of 1833 versus those ascribing it to the Combinations Act of 1799.
d.
arguments ascribing the division to the return of soldiers to Britain at the end of the Napoleonic wars versus those ascribing it to women's desire to be at home rearing their children.
e.
arguments ascribing the division to early socialist ideas versus arguments ascribing it to traditional religious mores.
 

 46. 
The law which outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain was the
a.
Factory Act of 1833.
b.
Mines Act of 1842.
c.
Coercive Acts of 1766.
d.
Combination Acts of 1799.
e.
Reform Law of 1848.
 

 47. 
The key demand of the Chartist movement was
a.
that all men have the right to vote.
b.
an eighthour workday and a minimum wage.
c.
a ban on women and children working in the factories.
d.
repeal of the Combination Acts.
e.
freedom of religion.
 

 48. 
The Mines Act of 1842
a.
prohibited underground work for women.
b.
prohibited underground work for women as well as boys under ten.
c.
prohibited underground work for boys under ten.
d.
prohibited underground work for boys under sixteen.
e.
established new safety rules for underground work.
 



 
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